Ethanol (ethyl alcohol), also known as grain alcohol, the same “spirit” can be found in all alcoholic beverages. Bioethanol is simply that ethanol has been with biological material (biomass) as a raw material. Because it depends on sunlight for photosynthesis, and will contribute to the growth of biomass (plants, herbs, corn, wheat, etc.), bioethanol is a renewable fuel.

Properties
Bioethanol is a flow of clear, colorless, biodegradable, low toxicity

Manufacturing
Bioethanol is produced when biomass is converted into sugar, which are then fermented to ethanol. The process of hydrolysis shares most of the water-ethanol, so the end product, which is usually around 95% ethanol and 5% water.

Emissions of CO₂
The burning bioethanol that the release of CO₂ in the atmosphere.

The fuel mixtures
Bioethanol can be mixed with conventional gasoline in any proportion, but the most common mixture of E10 (10% ethanol, 90% gasoline, sometimes called gasohol), which can be used in existing gasoline engines without modification and without prejudice to the safety of the vehicle. Higher mixtures such as E85, require a flexible fuel vehicle (FFV).

Infrastructure
Bioethanol can the current road system on traditional fuels, but also the ability corrosive bioethanol can prevent that is in a position to the pipeline system with a big disadvantage.

Compared with gasoline
As a mixture of gasoline, bio-ethanol reduces emissions of carbon monoxide in a number of other pollutants by 25% or more in conventional gasoline.

Advantages

• bioethanol already compatible with low blends with the existing gas engines.
• Bioethanol is a high-octane fuel with lower emissions.

Disadvantages

• bioethanol can be corrosive for metals such as aluminum.
• bioethanol may require the use of too much arable land (plant growth) and excess energy consumption in the manufacturing process to justify. Because such costs are a financial point of the environment is now prohibitively high (see below).

In the future
The future of bioethanol directly exactly what they are used in the production of biomass. Many researchers believe that their future lies with cellulosic ethanol using biomass such as switchgrass and corn furnaces.

resource : http://www.futurecars.com/futurefuels/bioethanol.html
image : http://i.treehugger.com/files/th_images/bioethanol-jp-c-01.jpg

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Renewable fuels
Solar-terrestrial EnergyThe mother of all fuels, solar energy comes not only from light and heat, but in the wind, waves and, of course, biomass plants, which capture that some of solar energy and through photosynthesis, convert chemical energy .

There is no more fundamental fuels, solar energy, there are many more fuel, it is not a more powerful fuel. It should not be difficult to use more fuel

Manufacturing
With regard to fuel production, transport used solar energy, there are two systems:

• The concentration of solar power (CSP): In this system, with reflective materials to concentrate energy of the sun, high temperatures. Tepla respective powers generator converts it into electricity.
• The advantage of this option is that cheap power forward could be used in electric vehicles and hydrogen fuel cells. Nevertheless, this system has some pollutants in the air and use of fossil fuels such as natural gas.
• photovoltaic (PV): the use of photovoltaic cells (solar panels think) to transform solar energy into electricity directly.
• To this end, the advantage of PV is expected to board the vehicle energy sources with zero emissions. The main disadvantage is that currently, photovoltaic cells is very inefficient, in the position, only 15% of the solar energy they receive into electricity.

Infrastructure
The infrastructure is in place.
Electricity, of course, could the existing infrastructure services.

Compared with solar energy
To clarify, solar energy is that the sun sends our way, while solar power is something that we can use power with the help of CSP, photovoltaic and other technologies.

In the future…
… From solar energy as fuel for transport, depends partly on developing PV rates far greater efficiency. Actual future solar cars are in development.

Sources :

1. http://www.futurecars.com/futurefuels/solar_energy.html
2. Image : http://resnicktower.com/assets/images/solar-energy.jpg